Posted on 2014-03-10 23:47:03 golang
在Golang中字符串的一个坑这篇博文中,介绍了Golang中字符串与C中的字符串的不同之处:C中的字符串是以\x0
为结尾的字节序列,而Golang中的字符串则更严格,并不是以\x0
为结尾来判断,而是计算字符串变量的值中的所有字节。
Golang中的字符串在打印时,因为\x0
是不可打印字符,所以和C中的字符串在打印时没有任何区别。但是在一些需要按字节计算字符串的函数中,就会导致问题。通用的做法是,迭代字符串,只取得字节序列中的有效字节。
我们可以写一个函数来做这件事情,也可以用Golang的标准库中的bytes
库。bytes
库提供了对[]byte
类型的操作,提供的接口和对string
类型提供的接口类似。
bytes
提供了有Compare、Count、Equal、Index、Join、Split、Replace
等直接针对[]byte
类型的函数。还有一个重要的Buffer
类,将[]byte
类型当作一个缓冲区,提供了对这个缓冲区便捷的操作:读、写、和string/rune之间的转换、迭代
等函数。
在bytes
库中,有Trim
系列的函数,它的功能是对[]byte
类型做裁剪,去除不需要的部分。
func Trim(s []byte, cutset string) []byte
func TrimFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) []byte
func TrimLeft(s []byte, cutset string) []byte
func TrimLeftFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) []byte
func TrimPrefix(s, prefix []byte) []byte
func TrimRight(s []byte, cutset string) []byte
func TrimRightFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) []byte
func TrimSpace(s []byte) []byte
func TrimSuffix(s, suffix []byte) []byte
我们需要使用TrimRight
函数,将字节序列中不可打印的\x0
字符剔除,只保留需要的:
package main
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
var a [10]byte = [10]byte{1, 2, 3}
fmt.Printf("%q\n", a)
// 将数组a转换为切片
b := a[:]
// 去除切片尾部的所有0
c := bytes.TrimRight(b, "\x00")
fmt.Printf("%q\n", c)
}
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